The salient issues that need concerted effort to be tackled under 12MP are inadequate first and last-mile connectivity (for public transport), uncompetitive transport and logistics industry, as well as poor governance of the transport and logistics industry. Describing the utilisation of public transport as remaining "below target", authorities argue that the reluctance to switch from private vehicles to public transport is partly contributed by the relatively low-cost of car ownership. The poor culture of road maintenance was also highlighted. "Whether implemented on a corrective or preventive basis, it (road maintenance) is still an issue due to lack of resources. “However, the adoption of these standards is done voluntarily, resulting in low adoption among the transport and logistics operators.
