– Iraq (2003, George W. Bush): Invaded on false WMD claims; the UK’s Chilcot Inquiry and U.S. Senate reviews documented manipulation; war crimes from Abu Ghraib to Fallujah. – Syria (2014–, Barack Obama → Donald Trump → Trump 2024–): U.S. forces operate without Damascus’s consent or authorizing mandate; northeast oil effectively cordoned; the Caesar Act throttles recovery. – Haiti (1994, Clinton; 2004, George W. Bush): Interventions and political engineering; contested legality and outcomes. – Colombia (late 1990s–, Clinton → George W. Bush → Obama): Plan Colombia militarization; displacement and abuses. Selected sources:– Ron Suskind, “Faith, Certainty and the Presidency of George W. Bush,” New York Times Magazine, Oct. 17, 2004.

Source: International New York Times January 09, 2026 19:09 UTC