Early insight nitrogen concentration data show a provisional 10% increase in nitrogen levels in 2025. Among the 20 representative sites along major rivers in the Munster region are the Maigue, Deel, Shannon, Fergus Suir, Blackwater, Lee and Bandon sites. The representative sites are established to provide a “conservative estimate” of a national nitrogen concentration figure; the EPA expects the national figures to show an increase in nitrogen levels for 2025. Factors influencing nitrogen levels and their fluctuation include weather patterns, agricultural land management, and source loading. EPA highlighted three key factors influencing the uptick in nitrogen levels between 2024 and 2025 as the increase of fertiliser sales, a reduction in livestock numbers and wetter weather.

Source: Irish Examiner March 19, 2026 17:28 UTC