The projectile launcher propelled a weighted softball into the soccer ball and the soccer ball became a projectile that then impacted the head form. For safety, a Plexi-glass enclosure was placed around the sliding table to protect researchers from the soccer ball’s ricochet off the head form (Fig. After 90 min the weight of the soccer ball was chosen as the target weight for impacts for the wet condition. EquipmentHybrid III head form and neck formA male 50th percentile Hybrid III head form was used for all head-to-ball impacts (Fig. This ball was composed of a rubber bladder, genuine leather, and hand stitched, following the soccer ball construction protocols of 1966.

Source: BBC October 30, 2023 13:12 UTC