In the first three parts we have observed the evolution of the DCs’ external debt over the last twenty years. All DCs - General focusGraph1: Comparison between borrowed and repaid amounts per year (long-term total external debt – in billions of US$)This graph compares borrowed amounts (in orange) and repaid amounts (in blue – also called debt servicing) per year on long-term total external debt. Graph 2: Comparison of the evolution of total debt stock Debt stock The total amount of debt with net transfers (long-term total external debt – in billions of US$)Echoing table 1 in our first part, graph 1 compares borrowed amounts (in orange) and repaid amounts (in blue – also called debt servicing) on long-term total external debt per year. Middle-East and North Africa (MENA)In 2019, the population of the Middle-East and North Africa was 456 million, of which 389 million live in 13 DCs. As Third World Debt gets worse, the World Bank (along with the IMF) tends to adopt a macro-economic perspective.

Source: The North Africa Journal May 26, 2021 12:22 UTC