The study approval can be obtained from the Nigerian national partner of the Afrobarometer ninth round survey, NOIPolls Limited. However, we were unable to obtain the continental approval number online from either the Afrobarometer or NOIPoll Limited websites. In Nigeria, fieldwork was conducted by NOIPolls Limited, in accordance with Afrobarometer’s norms and standard procedures for informed consent, confidentiality, and respondent protection. Informed consentThe informed consent was collected from all participants aged 18 and above by the fieldworkers aged 18 and above, between 5 and 31 March 2022, when Round 9 was collected. The introduction of the survey questionnaire also secures the respondents’ informed consent in written/verbal language that is easily understood by the prospective subjects, thereby meeting the ethical standards of Afrobarometer research.

Source: CNN December 20, 2025 11:22 UTC