What factors will channel the AI boom? Larger models, trillion-token training runs and record-breaking capex (capital expenditure) cycles have reinforced a sense of uninterrupted acceleration. As AI moves from experimentation to real-world applications, the limits imposed by the physical world, capital markets and political systems clearly matter more than its theoretical potential. The third constraint, capital, operates in a more subtle way. The constraint comes not from weak investor sentiment, but from the strategic pressure enthusiasm creates: different firms pursue different conceptions of value because their business models and cost structures demand it.

Source: Taipei Times December 20, 2025 16:10 UTC