Despite the factionalised alliances of the Big 5, what they do have in common is a vested interest in Africa. In most cases, some African countries have had to repay loans with mineral resources – to their detriment. Research by the SAIS China Africa Research Initiative (SAIS-CARI), revealed the volume and complexities of Chinese loans to Africa. While China finances infrastructural development in Africa, Russia trades in security. During the first Russia-Africa Summit in 2019, Moscow partnered with over 30 African countries to supply military equipment.

Source: The North Africa Journal July 21, 2023 19:33 UTC