The top 20 companies on the list have contributed to 35 percent of all energy-related carbon dioxide and methane worldwide, totaling 480 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent since 1965. Those identified range from investor-owned firms — household names such as Chevron, Exxon, BP and Shell — to state-owned companies including Saudi Aramco and Gazprom. Together these four global businesses are behind more than 10 percent of the world’s carbon emissions since 1965. Twelve of the top 20 companies are state-owned and together their extractions are responsible for 20 percent of total emissions in the same period. The Guardian approached the 20 companies named in the polluters list.

Source: Taipei Times October 13, 2019 15:56 UTC